Canadian Crude Separators Disposal Wells

Distruction of environment

The proportions and amounts of discharged wastes can change considerably during production. For example, the amount of solid drilling cuttings usually decreases as the well gets deeper and the hole diameter becomes correspondingly smaller. The volumes of produced waters increase as the hydrocarbon resources are being depleted and production moves from the first stages toward its completion. Drilling in the upper layers of bottom sediments (up to approximately 100 m) can be done without using complex drilling fluids. In such cases, seawater with additives of special clay suspensions can be used instead. The discharges of produced waters considerably dominate over other wastes. Produced waters include formation water, brine, injection water, and other technological waters. Formation water and brine are extracted along with oil and gas. Injection water is pumped into the injection wells in hundreds of thousands of tons for maintaining the pressure in the system and pushing the hydrocarbons toward the producing wells. All of these waters are usually polluted by oil, natural low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, inorganic salts, and technological chemicals. These waters need to be cleaned before they are discharged into the sea. Such cleaning under marine conditions is a complicated technical task. Special separation units on the platforms are used for oil separation. Depending on its quality, the produced water is either discharged into the sea or injected into the disposal well. Sometimes the oil-water mixtures are transported along the pipelines to onshore separation units. Produced waters, including injection waters and solutions of chemicals used to intensify hydrocarbon extraction and the separation of the oil-water mixtures, are one of the main sources of oil pollution in the areas of offshore oil and gas production.

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